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Flatness (Dish) Flatness and straightness are so closely related that confusion may arise unless the foundry and purchaser clarify the definitions before production.Mil Std. 8 specifies "a flatness tolerance is the total deviation permitted from a plane and consists of the distance between two parallel planes between which the entire surface so tolerated must lie." In measuring, the parallel planes must be the minimum distance apart.
Degree of FlatnessDegree of flatness in an investment casting is almost always determined by the volumetric shrinkage of wax and metal during cooling. Usually in the center of the mass, this shrinkage is called "dish" (shrinkage, dip, or "out of flat"). Dish can be controlled by specialized techniques, but it will always occur to some extent. General flatness tolerances cannot be quoted because they vary with configuration and alloy used. The following is a rough guide for areas under 6 square inches.
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