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Investment Casting Contours, Radii and Cams
When dimensioning a casting radius, it must be remembered that volumetric shrinkage occurs during cooling which affects external radii and contours. In a flat casting, concavity is easily illustrated and understood (refer to the Flatness section). The same concavity affects castings that have contours, but with more dramatic results.
In a concave radius, the greatest shrinkage occurs in the center and outer extremities. This tends to decrease the radius. When dimensioning a drawing of a concave radius (as in Figure 1 above), a reference radius should be used. Dimensions on the casting radius are then used to control basis physical size. The fit to mating configuration is then controlled by using a tolerance band on the radius.
In a convex radius, the greatest shrinkage also occurs in the center. This tends to increase the cast radius (as in Figure 2 above). The drawing should be dimensioned accordingly.
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