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Investment Casting Hole Tolerance

A cast hole's roundness is affected by the surrounding metal. If an uneven mass is adjacent, the hole will be pulled out of round. If the surrounding metal is symmetrical, holes up to " diameter can be held to .005" based on a plug gage check. Larger holes may be affected by interior shrinkage or pulling, and the foundry should be consulted.

Hole Tolerance

The longer the hole or the more mass in the section around it, the more pronounced the effect. Figure 2 above shows the effect of hole shrinkage concavity which will be present to some extent in all castings. The top and bottom openings will be approximate dimensions, while the center diameter will retain their increase. Thru holes which require clearance and can be checked with a plug gage can be held to fairly close tolerances if the large diameter in the center is ignored. If the sidewalls of the hole are used as bearing surfaces, simple reaming will size the cast opening.

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Figure 3 above shows how a heavier section close to the hole distorts the shrinkage pattern. The hole diameter is distorted by the additional shrinkage of the heavier section. The figure graphically shows the pattern of distortion present to a greater or lesser degree in every casting with heavier mass affecting shrinkage.

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